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MMI
Article
Updated January
30, 2007
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Recently, GEN (Genetic Engineering
News) announced that MMI Genomics recectly developed a Canine Heritage
test to determine the breed or breeds of dog
in 38 different breeds.
Mainly geared for people
with dogs of unknown breed, it could also be used to determine if
another breed was involved with another breed of dog.
MMI Genomics, is a well
known and respected life sciences company that utilizes DNA testing
in both animal and humans.
MMI
This company is the most
experienced laboratory in the world for canine DNA identification and parentage
testing services.
Their accurate and reliable
test uses state-of-the-art DNA technology, allowing canine genetic identity
to be certified with a confidence of greater than 99.9%.
MMI
Genomics is the principal service provider for the American Kennel Club
and the United Kennel Club
The
test will be available in late February 2007 with the first set of results
being produced in mid-March
Tests
will cost $65.00 per dog, and will consist of a cheek swab
The
38 breeds will consist of:
Afghan Hound
Akita
Basenji
Basset Hound
Beagle
Belgian Tervuren
Bernese Mountain Dog
Border Collie
Borzoi
Boxer
Bulldogs
Chihuahua
Chinese Shar-Pei
Chow Chow
Cocker
Spaniel
Collie
Dachshund
Doberman Pinscher
English Setter |
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German Shepherd Dog
German Shorthaired Pointer
Golden Retriever
Greyhounds
Italian Greyhound
Labrador Retriever
Mastiff
Miniature Schnauzer
Poodle
Pug
Rottweiler
Saluki
Samoyed
Shetland Sheepdog
Shih Tzu
Siberian Husky
St Bernard
Whippet
Yorkshire Terrier |
A quote from their article:
.."METAMORPHIX INTRODUCES
CANINE HERITAGE™ --
THE FIRST DNA-BASED DIAGNOSTIC
TEST TO IDENTIFY CANINE BREEDS
Breakthrough Diagnostic
Takes Guess Work out of Establishing Your Dog’s Heritage
Beltsville, Md. January
26, 2007 – MMI Genomics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetaMorphix, Inc,
announced today the launch of the first commercial, DNA-based, diagnostic
test that can genetically determine the breed composition of dogs. Canine
Heritage™ is a diagnostic test that uses MetaMorphix’s state-of-the-art,
SNP-based, DNA technology to certify up to 38 major breeds. The Canine
Heritage™ test is easy to administer and requires only a cheek swab sample
to be mailed to the company for analysis.
Results are returned to
owners in 4-6 weeks.
The vast majority of dog
owners have no records or information about their pet’s family history.
The Canine Heritage™ test can fill that gap. Owners of mixed-breeds, as
well as dogs without breed registration papers, can take advantage of this
exclusive technology to directly determine pedigree. The identification
of parentage is no longer a prerequisite.
MMI Genomics will introduce
the Canine Heritage™ test kit at the Global Pet Expo in Orlando, FL from
Feb.22nd through Feb. 24th. A list of the 38 identifiable breeds as well
as more information on the new product will be available at booth # 2885
and on the company’s website at www.metamorphixinc.com.
“This is very exciting news
for dog lovers,” said Dr. Ed Quattlebaum, Co-Chairman and CEO of MetaMorphix,
Inc. “The first question always asked of mixed breed dog owners is, ‘What
kind of dog is that?’ Now, owners need not guess and can say with certainty,”
‘The Canine Heritage™ test showed that my dog is a mix of Labrador Retriever,
English Setter and Border Collie’. In addition to better understanding
your pet’s behavior, your dog’s breed analysis can enable
you to work more closely
with your veterinarian to develop a lifetime health and wellness program.”
In the US, alone, rescue
organizations and animal shelters account for roughly half of the 6 million
dogs taken home per year and only 25% of these pets are purebred.
Beyond an adopter’s innate
curiosity about their new pet, owners are interested in their dogs’ breed
composition so they can make informed decisions that ensure happy and healthy
lives for their animals.
MMI Genomics has long been
a leader in animal DNA identity"
After
hearing about this article, and discussing it with others, many felt that
this would be THE test that would put to rest once and for all, the merle
issue in Cockers.
On
Jan 30, a phone call was made to their company and I spoke with someone
about this test.
This
is what was said , in a nut shell:
1.
Yes they DO have a test for Cockers
2.
It only goes back and is good for 3-4 generations MAX.
They
feel anything back past that is unnecessary.
I
explained to him about the merle issues,
and
he told me that they feel anything past 5-6 generation would be considered
PURE BRED, and that going back 8, 9, 10 generations would be "a MOOT
point and that the breed club needs to GET
OVER IT".
We
spoke about the merle being in the cockers from back in the late 80's and
all merles traced back to this one dog. He said it sounded to him that
this may be a random mutation and that again, after this many generations
even if something WAS introduced back then, it was a moot point and these
dogs coming down from it would be considered PURE BRED for ANY
registry.(AKC, UKC, CKC etc)
I
was told that ASC and some of the other breed clubs who are having a big
problem with the merle gene in their breed and can trace it back that far,
have
to again just get over it and stop wasting money on something that is moot.
He
said the way they see it, is, if you had a merle something bred to a cocker
it would be 50% cocker and 50% merle something.
Then
divide that one 50% merle by 2 for each generation, and you will see that
it would NOT be feasible after many generations.
They
feel anything with 1/16th of another breed would have no bearing on the
normal breed in question.
DO
THE MATH:
Merle
of another breed bred to a cocker
50%
cocker
50%
merle
50% after 2 generations
would be 75% cocker, 25% merle
after 3 generations 87.5%
cocker, 12.5 % merle
after 4 generations 93.75%
cocker 6.25% merle
after 5 generations 96.875
% cocker 3.125% merle
after 6 generations 98.4375%
cocker 1.5625% merle
after 7 generations 99.21875%
cocker 0.78125% merle
after 8 generations 99.609375%
cocker 0.390625% merle
after 9 generations 99.804687%
cocker 0.1953125% merle
after 10 generations 99.902343%
cocker 0.0976562% merle
after 11 generations 99.951171%
cocker 0.0488281% merle
after 12 generations 99.975585%
cocker 0.024414% merle
and so on.
Many
of the merles today are at 12 or more generations down from Rusty Butch |
So
if Rusty Butch was a nonmerle (m) who mutated to a merle (M), or
Rusty Butch was 1/2 cocker and 1/2 merle something After this many generations
of
breeding true, the merle cocker is basically 100% Purebred, which is about
normal statistics for any breed as there is always a "mess-up" somewhere.
Any
breed related genetic problem would also be diminished from the other breed
since all merle cockers go back to this original breeding.
COMMENTS:
I
personally think it is time ASC drops this witch hunt and allow merles
to be registered with AKC. The longer they stall, the more confusing and
possibly more health problems can crop up because the dogs weren't allowed
to be registered the actual color or pattern that they are.
AKC
got involved 2 years ago, and told ASC they needed to do something.
If
ASC is saying that less than 1 /100th of a percent in a merle cocker isn't
purebred, then the club should need to
demand that every cocker be
tested for impurities from another breed as well. The AKC stud
books are not 100% correct; even some show lines have had dogs incorrectly
registered over the years. There is always human error, and keeping one
pattern out of being accepted by the Parent Club is asnine when the very
same thing can be said for other varieties.
Why
is it they can accept without reservation, all other cockers even if they
aren't bred to standard, but not a merle cocker who DOES fit the standard
other than the coat pattern?
What
percentage IS a PURE BRED cocker? It can't possibly be 100%, considering
the American Cocker came from a variety of DIFFERENT breeds to begin with.
As
they say, genes don't disappear, they hide and this is why you can sometimes
see a throwback from much earlier times in a litter.
If
AKC and genetic experts both deem the merle cocker IS purebred, then ASC
may well be setting itself up for a lot of legal issues if they refuse
to allow the merle to be registered correctly or accept the merle as a
purebred cocker.
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